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The airtime, online and print column inches already devoted to Rachel Reeves’ nascent budget have created an overwhelming mountain of analysis, conflicting information, confusing forecasts and warnings. When life itself is busy and complicated enough, ‘budget burnout’ is a natural response. But neither kneejerk reactions nor burying one’s head are helpful, or necessary. It is still early days; full reactions and market impacts are yet to settle down, let alone see the first tangible impacts. So, take a breath, have a brew, and let’s have a calm first look at some of the major work and business-affecting details of the first Labour budget in 14 years.
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Am I a ‘worker’?
The attention-grabbing manifesto pledge “not to raise taxes for working people” returned to haunt the Chancellor, and indeed the Prime Minister, in the flurry of speculation and authorised leaks leading up to the budget, so let’s address that first. For the majority of people, yes, you are worker, and yes, you will undoubtedly be affected by financial changes announced in the budget.
The 21st-century world of work and wealth creation has changed so radically that phrases like ‘people who go out to work’ seem simplistically 19th-century. Work is perhaps best defined as processes that create value (for the individual, society and the economy); this encompasses people who do not go out to work, but who stay at home and engage in activities that create value, like running a household, raising children, and of course the legion of unpaid carers who play a critical role in underpinning the economy, but are still often not regarded as ‘workers’. Consider it this way, and it’s clear everyone will be impacted one way or another.
Headline pullout- facts, not suppositions
Some of the changes Reeves announced this week have already come into effect, while others are unlikely to impact you for several years to come.
Immediate- in effect now:
- Stamp duty and second-home land surcharges will increase from 3% to 5%
- Lower rate of capital gains tax increased from 10% to 18%, upper increased from 20% to 24% percent- affecting people selling shares and residential property and other assets
- National Minimum Wage increase 6.7%, to £12.21 per hour for workers over 21
- Employers’ National Insurance contributions increase by 1.2% to 15%
- Threshold at which employers start paying NI to fall from £9,100 a year to £5,000 a year
- Business rate relief to hospitality, retail and leisure companies to drop from 75% to 40% (up to a £110,000 cap)
- Small business Employment Allowance to increase from £5,000 to £10,500 before NI payable
- Capital gains tax on carried interest to be increased from 28% to 32%
- Universal credit and state pension to increase in line with inflation, carer’s allowance will also increase
- ‘Non dom’ status to be abolished
- Permanently lower business rates for retail, hospitality and leisure businesses from 2026-27
- Freeze on tax bands to end April 2028, from when the point at which people pay higher taxes will be increased
- Corporate Tax Roadmap, including capping headline CT at 25% for the duration of parliament retaining the small profits rate and marginal relief at current rates and thresholds
- Freeze on inheritance tax to continue until 2030